甜瓜嫩果皮颜色遗传规律研究

为探究甜瓜嫩果皮颜色的遗传规律，以甜瓜嫩果皮颜色为深绿色的S26和青色的S28为亲本材料，通过构建BC1群体，利用卡方测验，分析回交群体BC1的深绿色嫩果皮和青色嫩果皮的分离比例，开展甜瓜嫩果皮的遗传规律分析，以对嫩果皮颜色基因进行初步定位。结果表明：BC1群体表型表现为深绿色和青色2种，且群体比例为1∶1，从而确定颜色性状为单基因控制且深绿色为显性性状。通过分离群体分组分析法（BSA）和混池测序结果可以看出，控制甜瓜嫩果皮颜色的基因位于chr04的端部位置，这为后续基因的精细定位以及克隆提供了研究基础。     

茭白胡麻叶斑病研究进展

综述了近年来在茭白胡麻叶斑病上的病害发生、病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性、发病规律和病害防治等方面的研究成果，论述了胡麻叶斑病的防治措施如选用抗病品种、农业防治、药剂防治、植物免疫诱导剂防治等的研究进展，总结了茭白胡麻叶斑病研究上存在的问题，并指出未来需要加强茭白胡麻叶斑病病原物种群多样性、致病力分化以及于病原菌的浸染机制及致病机理方面的研究；进一步收集、筛选与鉴定茭白抗病种质资源，培育优良的抗性品种；开展茭白胡麻叶斑病抗药性监测及抗性机理研究；筛选新型生态友好的化学农药和低毒、高效的生防菌剂。     

潮汐灌溉模式下不同营养液对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

为了培育辣椒壮苗，在潮汐灌溉模式下筛选适合辣椒穴盘育苗的营养液，探讨不同营养液在辣椒穴盘育苗上应用的可行性，以国塔166为试材，以草炭、蛭石（体积比3∶1）为栽培基质，进行试验研究。试验采用6种营养液配方，通过测定株高、茎粗、干鲜质量、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、根系活力、根系形态等指标，筛选最优营养液配方。结果表明：Arnon和Hoagland 番茄配方处理辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上鲜质量、地上干质量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、壮苗指数、根尖数等指标均最高，其中壮苗指数分别较日本山崎番茄、Hoagland和Arnon、华南农业大学、Rothamsted、日本山崎甜椒配方高出44.44%、62.50%、30.00%、116.67%、62.50%。综上可知，Arnon和Hoagland 番茄配方是潮汐灌溉模式下辣椒穴盘育苗的最佳配方。     

高花青素洋葱品种"秀球赤玉"的选育与特征特性

“秀球赤玉”是以高花青素深紫皮不育系562A为母本，以高花青素深紫皮自交系2014-7-10-6为父本培育的中日照、早熟、高花青素三系杂交种。其表现：鳞茎大圆球形，花青素含量高达68.8 mg/g；洋葱鳞片从外至里均为深紫色，色泽亮，外观漂亮，商品率高；辣味轻，口感脆甜，可生食；植株长势强，抗病，耐抽薹，分球、裂球少；假茎细且收口紧，耐贮性好；平均单球质量600～1 000 g，667 m2产量8 000～12 000 kg；适宜在中日照地区推广，2019—2020年累计推广面积超过1 500 hm2。     

番茄新品种“昌红一号”的选育

"昌红一号"是以F90为母本,以H28为父本杂交选育而成的早中熟、大红中果型番茄F_1杂交种。属无限生长型,生长势中等,叶量中等,节间适中;第1花穗着生节位为第6～7节,坐果率高,果实整齐,转色均匀;高、低温条件下均能正常坐果,果实正圆形,果色光艳,不易裂果,较耐贮运;果形指数0.85,平均单果质量145 g左右;抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCV)、花叶病毒病(ToMV)、叶部病害、茎基腐病;连续坐果能力强,产量高,平均667 m~2产量在8 000 kg以上。适合长季节保护地栽培,特别适宜秋冬保护地及病毒病高发区栽培。     

Mechanical Separation of Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) Meat and Consumer Acceptability of a Value-Added Food Product

Mechanical separation of green crab resulted in an average mince yield of 49.2%, with average moisture, ash, protein, and lipid contents of 81.0, 5.1, 10.4, and 1.4%, respectively. Mince from small crabs (< 55-mm carapace width) had significantly lower lipid contents and L* values than mince from large crabs (> 55 mm). The overall acceptability of green crab mince empanadas (fried, stuffed pastries) was rated between “like slightly” and “like moderately” by a consumer panel (n = 87), regardless of empanada formulation (30, 50, or 70% mince by filling weight). Additionally, 63% of respondents indicated they would “probably” or “definitely” buy the empanadas if available locally.     

Cattle manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application effects on soil hydraulic properties and maize yield of two soils of Murewa district,Zimbabwe

This study set out to determine the effects of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer application on the hydraulic properties and maize yield of a clay and sandy soil in a smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe. Four fields classified as homefields (HF: more fertile and closer to homesteads) and outfields (OF: less fertile and further from the homesteads) were selected on clay and sandy soil. They were subjected to four treatments, control (no fertility amendment), 5, 15 and 25 t/ha cattle manure + 100 kg/ha N (as ammonium nitrate) for 7 years. A two‐way randomized complete block design was used with fertility and field type as the two factors. Clay soil hydraulic properties, which included density of macropores with a diameter >300 μm, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, steady‐state infiltration rate, moisture retention under low suction and maize grain yield, were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by fertility management compared with the control and were generally comparable between the HF and OF. Fertility management significantly improved maize grain yield on sandy soils but did not enhance hydraulic parameters, thereby indicating poor responsiveness in structural build‐up. On the other hand, significantly different hydraulic parameters between the sandy soil HF and OF suggested effects of other factors not related to soil fertility and field type treatments. We therefore concluded that application of a high rate (25 t/ha) of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer is beneficial for fertility restoration to the degraded OFs with associated comparable hydraulic properties on HFs and OFs on clay soil, unlike on sandy soil.     

ApoB RNA编辑高效蛋白检测体系的构建

[目的]建立一个载脂蛋白B(apoB)RNA编辑蛋白检测体系。[方法]在慢病毒表达质粒载体pCSII-CMV-IRES-Neor中插入apoB RNA编辑保守序列,并在其2端嵌入红色荧光蛋白(DsRed)、绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达序列,以此慢病载体转染大鼠肝癌细胞系CBRH-7919获得稳定表达。采用共聚焦显微镜测序方法检测apoB RNA的编辑。[结果]目的指示基因能够在CBRH-7919细胞中稳定表达,表现出指征RNA编辑的多色特征。[结论]试验成功构建了在细胞水平上以颜色变化指示apoB RNA编辑的检测体系,该体系为快速检测以apoB RNA编辑为靶的降胆固醇药物筛选提供了基础。     

Optimisation of fertiliser rates in crop production against energy use indicators

Optimising mineral nitrogen (N) use in crop production is inevitable target as mineral fertilisers reflect one of the highest inputs both in terms of economy and energy. The aim of the study was to compare the relationship between the rate of N fertiliser application and different measures of energy parameters exemplary data for spring-wheat in boreal climate condition in Estonia in 2006–2010. The effect of mineral N with rates 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha⁻¹ was studied on the background of composted cow manure and without organic fertilisers. Univalent parameters, energy gain (EG) (energy output − energy input) and energy ratio (ER) (energy output/energy input) were calculated. To aggregate parameters with different units (ER and EG) we proposed two standardisation approaches for combined indices. ER maximisation gave both organic fertilisation background optimum N norms significantly lower than EG (p < 0.05) optimisation. Both the new combined indices gave optimum N norms in between the rate of ER an EG. Composted cow manure background did not affect mineral N optimisation significantly. We suggest optimisation of mineral N according to bi-dimensional parameters as they capture important features of production efficiency and are more objective using as advisory tool for sustainable production systems.